Chinese Chinese Character

Eight Principles of Yong Wikipedia

Image:Yong with flesh.png|The character 'Yong' Yong

The Eight Principles of Yong (永字八法 Pinyin: Yǒngz? Bā Fǎ; Japanese: えいじはっぽう, Eiji Happō) explains how to write the eight stroke (Chinese character)|strokes common in Chinese characters found all in the one character of yong (永, meaning "permanence"). It is believed that the frequent practise of these principles as a beginner East Asian calligraphy|calligrapher could ensure the beauty in one's writing.

The Eight Principles are influenced by the earlier Seven Powers by Lady Wei Shuo. Publications on the Principles include:

• The Praise to the Eight Principles of "Yong" (永字八法頌) by Liu Zongyuan (柳宗元) of the Tang Dynasty.

• Explanations to the Eight Principles of "Yong" (永字八法解) by Li Puguang (李溥光) of the Yuan Dynasty. Li provided two-character metaphorical names.

Image:Yong's skeleton.png|The numbers of 'Principles' The number of the strokes. Where there are multiple numbers in an area, the strokes intercept brieftly and continue from the previous number to the next.

The Principle's names and representations are: (listed by stroke order)
# C? (側), or "Sideway"
#* Also known as Diǎn (點), or "Dot"
#* Li's name: Gu?i Sh? (怪石), or "The Strange rock (geology)|Stone"
#* Top-left to bottom-right
# L? (勒), or "Bridle"
#* Also known as H?ng (橫), or "Horizontal"
#* Li's name: Y? ?n (玉案), or "The Jade Furniture|Table"
#* A straight horizontal line
# Nǔ (弩 or努), or "Crossbow"
#* Li's name: Tiězh? (鐵柱), or "Iron Pillar"
#* Also known as Tiěchǔ (鐵杵), or "Iron Staff"
#* A straight vertical line
# Tī (剔), or "Picking off"
#* Also known as L? (趯), or "Leaping"
#* Commonly known as Gou (鉤), or "Hook"
#* Li's name: Xiāzhuǎ (蟹爪), or "The Pincer of Crab"
#* A hook to the left
# C? (策), or "Horsewhip"
#* Also known as Tiāo (挑), or "Lifting off"
#* Li's name: Hǔy? (虎牙), or "The Tiger's Tooth"
#* A tapering horizontal line thinning toward upper right
# L?? (掠), or "Passing lightly"
#* Also known as Piě (撇), or "Slant"
#* Li's name: Xījiǎo (犀角), or "The Horn of Rhinoceros"
#* A long slightly curvy tapering line thinning toward lower left
# Zhu? (啄), or "Pecking"
#* Also known as Duǎn Piě (短撇), or "Short slant"
#* Li's name: Niǎo Zhu? (鳥啄), or "Bird Pecking"
#* A short tapering line thinning toward lower left
# Zh? (磔), or "Dismemberment"
#* Also known as N? (捺), or "Pressing forcefully", and Pō (波), or "Wave"
#* Li's name: Jīndāo (金刀), or "Golden Dao (sword)|Dao"
#* Thickening line toward lower right, where it is "as sharp as a knife" (hence the name " Dismemberment")

In addition to these eight common strokes, there are at least two dozen modified or completely unrelated strokes.

Last Modified:   2005-04-13