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March 8, 2014
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
Xia Dynasty

Wikipedia

 
History_of_China
The Xia Dynasty (Hanyu Pinyin: Xia, Wade-Giles: Hsia, Chinese language|Chinese: 夏朝), ca. 21st century BC| 2033 BC–1562 BC, is the first dynasty to be described in Chinese historical records, which record the names of seventeen kings over fourteen generations. The legends of the Three August Ones and the Five Emperors precede this dynasty, and it is followed by the Shang dynasty.

Until scientific excavations were made at early bronze-age sites at Anyang, Henan Province, in 1928, it was difficult to separate myth from reality in regard to the Xia. But since then, and especially in the 1960s and 1970s, archaeologists have uncovered urban sites, bronze implements, and tombs that point to the existence of Xia civilization in the same locations cited in ancient Chinese historical texts. At a minimum, the Xia period marked an evolutionary stage between the late neolithic cultures and the typical Chinese urban civilization of the Shang dynasty. In the Marxism|Marxist history common in mainland China, Xia society is considered a slave society (奴隸社會).

Xia Dynasty resumed hereditary monarchy from the legendary Yellow Emperor times, and began the period of a family or a clan controlling everything in the nation (家天下). It was also during this period that the Chinese civilization developed a ruling structure that employed both a benign civilian government (文治) and harsh punishment for legal transgressions (刑罰). From this the earliest forms of Chinese legal codes came into being.

Jie (Xia dynasty ruler)|Jie, the last ruler, was said to be a corrupt king. He was overthrown by T'ang, the leader of Shang people from the east.



<table border = "1" cellpadding = "2" cellspacing = "0" >
<tr>
<th style="background:#efefef;" colspan=5>Posthumous Names ( Shi Hao 諡號)<sup>1</sup></th>
</tr>
<th>Order </th>
<th>Reign<sup>2</sup></th>
<th>Chinese language|Chinese</th>
<th>Hanyu Pinyin</th>
<th>Notes</td></tr>

<tr><td>01 </td><td>45 </td><td> 禹</td>
<td class = "lft" >Yu the Great|Yǔ</td><td> also Yu the Great (大禹; d? yǔ) </td></tr>

<tr><td>02 </td><td>10 </td><td> 啟</td>
<td class = "lft" >Qi (ruler)|Qǐ</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>03 </td><td>29 </td><td> 太康</td>
<td class = "lft" >Tai Kang|T?i Kāng</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>04 </td><td>13 </td><td> 仲康</td>
<td class = "lft" >Zhong Kang|Zh?ng Kāng</td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>05 </td><td>28 </td><td> 相
</td><td class = "lft" >Xiang|Xiāng </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>06 </td><td>21 </td><td> 少康 </td><td class = "lft" >Shao Kang|Shǎo Kāng </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>07 </td><td>17 </td><td> 杼</td>
<td class = "lft" >Zhu (ruler)|Zh? </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>08 </td><td>26 </td><td> 槐 </td><td class = "lft" >Huai|Hu?i </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>09 </td><td>18 </td><td> 芒 </td><td class = "lft" >Mang|M?ng </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>10 </td><td>16 </td><td> 泄 </td><td class = "lft" >Xie|Xi? </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>11 </td><td>59 </td><td> 不降 </td><td class = "lft" >Bu Jiang|B? Ji?ng </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>12 </td><td>21 </td><td> 扃 </td><td class = "lft" >Jiong|Jiōng </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>13 </td><td>21 </td><td> 廑 </td><td class = "lft" >Jin (ruler)|Jǐn </td><td> Guoyu: j?n, putonghua: jǐn </td></tr>

<tr><td>14 </td><td>31 </td><td> 孔甲 </td><td class = "lft" >Kong Jia|Kǒng Jiǎ </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>15 </td><td>11 </td><td> 皋 </td><td class = "lft" >Gao (ruler)|Gāo </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>16 </td><td>11 </td><td> 發 </td><td class = "lft" >Fa (ruler)|Fā </td><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>

<tr><td>17 </td><td>52 </td><td> 桀 </td><td class = "lft" >Jie (ruler)|Ji? </td><td> also Lu Gui (履癸 lǚ guǐ) </td></tr>

<tr>
<td style="background:#efefef" colspan="5"><small>1 The reign name is sometimes preceded by the name of the dynasty, Xia (夏), for example Xia Yu (夏禹).</small></td>
</tr><tr>
<td colspan="5" style="background:#efefef">
<small>2 Possible length of reign, in years. </small></td>
</tr>
</table>



  • History of China

  • Chinese sovereign

  • Chinese mythology

  • Sanhuangwudi

  • Shang Dynasty


Category:History of China
Category:Xia Dynasty|

de:Xia-Dynastie
fr:Dynastie Xia
ja:夏 (三代)
fi:Xia-dynastia
no:Xia-dynastiet
zh:夏朝

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Xia Dynasty".


Last Modified:   2005-04-13


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