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March 8, 2014 |
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<!-- Probable history of the language. What language(s) it is derived from. Dates of movement of major groups of speakers, etc. --> Uyghur is one of the Eastern Turkic languages|Eastern Turkic languages, which is grouped by some linguists as a branch of Altaic languages|Altaic. Uyghur is spoken by 7.2 million in China, mostly in the far western Xinjiang province. Uyghur is also spoken by 300,000 in Kazakhstan, and there are Uyghur-speaking communities in Afghanistan, Australia, Germany, India, Indonesia, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Taiwan, Tajikistan, Turkey, United Kingdom, USA, and Uzbekistan. Official status The Uyghurs are one of the 56 List of Chinese ethnic groups|official nationalities in China, and Uyghur is an official language of Xinjiang. Dialects The dialects of Uyghur identified by the Ethnologue are Central Uyghur, Hotan (Hetian), and Lop (Luobu). Syllable structure can be CV, CVC, or CVCC. Uyghur is not a tonal language. <!-- Description of the sound set of the language. Can include phoneme charts and example words for each phoneme like in French language. If there is significant discussion here, it is probably best to divide the section into vowels and consonants subsections. Vowels Vowel chart and discussion of vowels. Consonants Consonant chart and discussion of consonants. Phonology Discussion of some major phonological processes, such as important allophones or assimilation rules. Historical sound changes Description of important sound changes in the history of the language. (Maybe this should go under history?) --> Uyghur has Subject Object Verb word order, postpositions, genitives, adjectives, numerals, relatives before noun heads, and initial question words. There are prefixes and suffixes. Word order distinguishes subjects and indirect objects, topic and comment. There are 8 noun cases shown by suffixes. Verb suffixes mark subject person, number, 2nd person marks plural and 3 levels of respect. Types of verbs include passive, reflexive, reciprocal and causative. Uyghur vocabulary is basically from Turkic stock, but like Uzbek has taken on a large quantity of loan words from Persian. Many internationalisms entered the Uyghur language via Russian, and there are some more recent loans from Chinese. The language traditionally used the Arabic script since 10th century. The Chinese government introduced a Roman alphabet|Roman script in 1969, but the Persian-Arabic script was reintroduced in 1983, but with extra diacritics to distinguish all vowels of Uyghur. Cyrillic script has been used to write Uyghur in areas previously dominated by Russians, and Roman script is used in Turkey and on the internet. The following table is a comparison of the present Arabic (Qona Yezik) alphabet, the Latin (Yengi Yeziq) alphabet used from 1969 to 1987, corresponding modern Turkish spellings and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). The table is arranged according to the order of the present alphabet.
Here the sample of Universal Declaration of Human Rights (Article 1) in Uighur (latin transliteration): Hemme adem zatidinla erkin, izzet-h?rmet we hoquqta babbarawer bolup tughulghan. Ular eqilghe we wijdan'gha ige hemde bir-birige q?rindashliq munasiwitige xas roh bilen muamile qilishi k?rek Translation : All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
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Category:Turkic languages Category:Languages of China ast:Uigur de:Uigurische Sprache fr:Ou?gour ja:ウイグル語 zh:维吾尔语 This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Uyghur language".
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