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Lychee Wikipedia

Taxobox_begin | color = lightgreen | name = Lychee
Taxobox_image | image = Image:Lychee.jpg|250px | caption = Lychee branch with ripe fruit
Taxobox_begin_placement | color = lightgreen
Taxobox_regnum_entry | taxon = Plantae
Taxobox_divisio_entry | taxon = Flowering plant|Magnoliophyta
Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = Dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida
Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = Sapindales
Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = Sapindaceae
Taxobox_genus_entry | taxon = Litchi
Taxobox_species_entry | taxon = chinensis
Taxobox_end_placement
Taxobox_section_binomial_botany | color = lightgreen| binomial_name = Litchi chinensis| author = Pierre Sonnerat|Sonn.
Taxobox_end

The Lychee Litchi chinensis is the sole member of the genus Litchi in the soapberry family Sapindaceae. It is a tropical fruit tree native to southern China, where it is known as 荔枝, in Pinyin l?zhī. It is a medium-sized evergreen tree, reaching 15-20 m tall, with alternate pinnate leaf|leaves, each leaf 15-25 cm long, with (2) 4-8 lateral leaflets 5-10 cm long; the terminal leaflet is absent. The newly emerging young leaves are a bright coppery red at first, before turning green as they expand to full size. The flowers are small, greenish-white or yellowish-white, produced in panicles up to 30 cm long.

Image:Lychee 600.jpg|left|thumb|A plate of lychee showing a peeled fruit
The fruit is a drupe, 3-4 cm long and 3 cm in diameter. The outside is covered by a red, roughly-textured rind that is inedible but easily removed. The inside consists of a layer of sweet, translucent white flesh, rich in vitamin C, with a texture somewhat similar to that of a grape. The centre contains a single glossy brown seed, 2 cm long and 1-1.5 cm in diameter. The seed, similar to a Aesculus|buckeye seed, is slightly poisonous and should not be eaten. The fruit matures from July to October, about 100 days after flowering.

Lychees are extensively grown in their native southern China, and also elsewhere in southeast Asia, India, southern Japan, and more recently in Florida and Hawaii in the United States, and the wetter areas of eastern Australia. They require a warm subtropical to tropical climate that is frost-free or with only very slight winter frosts not below -4?C, and with high summer heat, rainfall, and humidity. Growth is best on well-drained, slightly acidic soils rich in organic matter. A wide range of cultivars is available, with early and late maturing forms suited to warmer and cooler climates respectively. They are also grown as an ornamental tree as well as for their fruit.

Lychees are commonly sold fresh in Chinese markets (and in recent years, also widely in western supermarkets). The red rind turns dark brown when the fruit is refrigerated, but the taste is not affected. It is also sold canned year-round.

There is a Cantonese language|Cantonese saying: "one lychee = three torches of fire". It refers to the extreme Yin Yang|Yang property of the fruit. Over-consumption of lychees is reported to lead to dried lips and nosebleeds in some people. By contrast, the related longan fruit is purported to have a nourishing property.

Last Modified:   2005-04-13