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March 8, 2014 |
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The Long March family of rockets (長征火箭, Chang Zheng) is an expendable launch system designed and operated by the People's Republic of China. It is named after the Long March of Chinese communist history. The Shenzhou spacecraft is launched on the Long March rocket. As of 2003, the main stages and the booster rockets of Long March rockets use storable propellants with UDMH as fuel and Nitrogen tetroxide as oxidizer. The upper stages of Long March 3A (CZ-3A) and CZ-3B use cryogenic fuel, LH2 as fuel and LOX as oxidizer.
The Long March rocket is related to early versions of the Dongfeng missile (note that Dongfeng is the generic Chinese name for all of its land ICBM's). However, like its counterparts in both the United States and in Russia, the differing needs of space rockets and strategic missiles have caused the development of space rockets and missiles to diverge. The main goal of a space rocket is to maximize payload, while strategic missiles increasing throw weight is much less important than the ability to launch quickly and to survive a first strike. This divergence has become clear in the next generation of Long March rockets which use cryogenic propellants in sharp contrast to the next generation of strategic missiles which are mobile and solid fueled. The PRC launched its first satellite, known as Dong Fang Hong 1 ("the East is Red"), to Earth orbit on its own Long March space rocket on April 24, 1970, becoming the fifth nation to achieve independent launch capability. Most of the commercial satellite launches of Long March vehicles have been from Xichang Satellite Launch Center, located in Xichang, Sichuan province. Long March launches also take place from the more military oriented Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Gansu province from which the manned Shenzhou spacecraft also comes from. China markets launch services under the Great Wall Industrial Corporation. Its efforts to launch communications satellites were dealt a blow in the mid-1990's after the United States stopped issuing export licenses to companies to allow them to launch on Chinese satellites out of fear that this would help China's military. On February 15, 1996, a Long March 3B rocket veered off course two seconds after take-off from Xichang space center, crashing into a nearby village. Two weeks later the Chinese news agency Xinhua reported that 80 homes had been damaged with six people killed and 57 injured, but unofficial reports and videotape from people who visited the scene suggested much greater devastation and a significantly higher death toll.
Category:Space launch vehicles de:Langer Marsch (Rakete) fi:Pitk? Marssi (raketti) fr:Longue marche ja:長征 (ロケット) nl:Lange Mars (raket) This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Long March rocket".
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