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March 8, 2014 |
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A number of Chinese official and unofficial national anthems were made around the early 20th century, only two remain in use: the "National Anthem of the Republic of China|Three Principles of the People" (Republic of China|Republic of China (Taiwan)) and the People's Republic of China's national anthem ("The March of the Volunteers"). The article below lists the other, lesser-known anthems, both official and unofficial. Quasi-official For purposes of diplomatic missions to Western Europe and Russia, Li Hongzhang (courtesy name Zhongtang) employed in 1896 political lyrics combined with classical Chinese music -- later known as "The Tone of Li Zhongtang" (李中堂樂). Quasi-official After the Department of Army was established in 1906, it became the army song, and had been played at formal occasions overseas. ?兆 formerly referred to one million; in modern usage it refers to one trillion. Official. Main article: Gong Jin'ou The first and only official national anthem of the Qing Empire lived less than a month when the Wuchang Uprising occurred in 1911. It is in very flowery Classical Chinese. However, the Republic of China denies that "The Cup of Solid Gold" was ever a national anthem. Provisional After the establishment of the provisional government in Nanjing, the Ministry of Education under Cai Yuanpei asked the public for possible anthem (as well as coat of arm), and the one whose lyrics was written by Chen Enyun (沈恩孕) and music by Chen Pengnian (沈彭年) was released as a draft in the newspaper. Unofficial Also called "Patrotic Song" (愛國歌), "How Great is Our China!" (泱泱哉，我中華！) has lyrics written by Liang Qichao and music by overseas Chinese in Datong School (大同學校), Yokohama. Released in 1912, it was widespread especially among by students. Official, regional After Yuan Shikai overtook China, his Ritual Regulations Office (禮制館) issued the new official anthem "China Heroically Stands in Universe" (中國雄立宇宙間) on June 1915. Its lyrics was written by Yin Chang (廕昌) and music by Wang Lu (王露). Official In November 1919, Tuan Chi-jui (later a Beiyang warlord) established the National Anthem Research Committee (國歌研究會), which adopted:
The anthem was released in July 1921 by National Affairs Yuan (國務院). ?糺 (jīu "collaborate") is sometimes written as 糾 (j?u "investigate") or 纖 (zhī "to web") Provisional Written by officers of the Whampoa Military Academy, The "Revolution of the Citizens" Song (國民革命歌 Guomin Gemin Ge) was released on July 1, 1926. This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Historical Chinese anthems".
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